When the Jesuits came to Florence in the mid 16th century, Grand Duke Cosimo I decided they needed a church. Work was begun by Bartolomeo Ammannati before the project was passed on to Giulio Parigi and his son Alfonso, who finished the church in 1661. When the Jesuits were suppressed in 1775, it was passed on to the Scolopi (or Piarist fathers of the Order of the Scuole Pie, dedicated to education).
If it's open, pop in to see the chapel Ammannati designed for his last resting place (second on left), with the painting that he and his wife, the poet Laura Battiferra, commissioned from Alessandro Allori. She is shown with a book; he is in the guise of St Bartholomew, the same flayed saint his friend Michelangelo chose for his own self portrait in the Sistine Chapel's Last Judgement.
Image by Sailko, GNU Free Documentation License